North Carolina Early Learning and Development Progressions: Birth to Five

Domain: NC Foundations for Early Learning: Cognitive Development (CD)

Subdomain: Mathematical Thinking and Expression

Goal: Children show understanding of numbers and quantities during play and other activities

Skill Progression: Composing and decomposing number

You may choose a different domain, visit the page for this domain, or click on a skill below for more information.

List of Skills by Age


1-2 Months

Although research exists for documenting number sense in the first year of life. These are laboratory studies that cannot be replicated in home visits or centers. For this reason, skills the first year of life have been omitted.


2-4 Months

Although research exists for documenting number sense in the first year of life. These are laboratory studies that cannot be replicated in home visits or centers. For this reason, skills the first year of life have been omitted.


4-6 Months

Although research exists for documenting number sense in the first year of life. These are laboratory studies that cannot be replicated in home visits or centers. For this reason, skills the first year of life have been omitted.


6-8 Months

Although research exists for documenting number sense in the first year of life. These are laboratory studies that cannot be replicated in home visits or centers. For this reason, skills the first year of life have been omitted.


8-10 Months

Although research exists for documenting number sense in the first year of life. These are laboratory studies that cannot be replicated in home visits or centers. For this reason, skills the first year of life have been omitted.


10-12 Months

Although research exists for documenting number sense in the first year of life. These are laboratory studies that cannot be replicated in home visits or centers. For this reason, skills the first year of life have been omitted.


12-15 Months

No observable skills


15-18 Months

No observable skills


18-21 Months

No observable skills


21-24 Months

No observable skills


24-27 Months

No observable skills


27-30 Months

No observable skills


30-33 Months

Examines a group of up to four items and creates another group of the same amount


33-36 Months

Combines or takes away from a set to make a set of up to three objects

Mentally thinks that if you give him one more he’ll have two; and if he has two items and you take one away he’ll have one left


36-42 Months

Uses graphics to add small numbers by drawing pictures, then counting up to 3 items


42-48 Months

Adds up to two sets of objects up to 5

Uses graphics to add and subtract small numbers

Write numbers


48-54 Months

Counts all in two number sets by adding on from the first set


54-60 Months

Breaks up a total number of objects in many different combinations to make the whole set (up to 10)

Adds up the total of two same or different sets of objects up to as high as the child can count

Compares sets of objects to find the difference in amount

Solves take-away problems by separating a set of concrete objects from the total amount and counting the remainder

Finds how many objects need to be added to a set to get a specific total

 North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, 2015

©2015 by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.