List of Skills by Age
1-2 Months
Cries to express hunger, discomfort, pain, or distress
Vocalizes with non-speech-like burps, grunts, and coughs
2-4 Months
Coos; moves tongue throughout the mouth to make vowel-like sounds
Makes vowel sounds “ah,” “eh,” ”uh
4-6 Months
Experiments with sounds such as “raspberries,” bubbles
Varies volume, pitch and rate of sounds produced
6-8 Months
Consonant-vowel sounds emerging (da, ma) for babbling
Imitates sound sequences in one breath
Babbles with some consonant-vowel sounds
Produces consonants /m, n, b, p, t, d/ in babbling
8-10 Months
Produces sounds /m, n, d, b, y, w/
Produces a wide variety of sound combinations
Beginning of adult speech (starting to develop certain vowels, syllables, diphthongs)
10-12 Months
Produces more back vowels, central vowels, and consonants
Imitates others coughs, laughs, funny sounds
12-15 Months
Produces consonants /b, m, n, t, d, w/
Produces word approximations (e.g., “muh” for milk)
15-18 Months
Attempts to combine consonants and vowels into words
18-21 Months
Speech may be less than 50% intelligible to unfamiliar persons
Repeats adult’s words and intonation
21-24 Months
Speech is at least 50% intelligible to unfamiliar persons
Uses VC (e.g., up), CV (e.g., bye), CVC (e.g., sad), and CVCV (e.g., puppy)
24-27 Months
Combines noises to make sound effects (e.g., “zoom-zoom,” “Brrring,” “Bang”)
27-30 Months
30-33 Months
Conveys ideas using pitch and intonation
33-36 Months
Produces some consonant clusters (e.g., st, sp, bl, fr, sw, etc.)
Produces the syllable structures: CV, VC, CCV (sky), CCVC (stop), CVCC (dogs), and VCC (egg
Awareness of and ability to rhyme emerges
36-42 Months
42-48 Months
85% of children use: Initial sound: /kw/ Medial sound: /d/ Final sound: /f/
48-54 Months
Emerging production of /r, l, s, ch, sh, z, j, v/
54-60 Months
100% intelligible, though errors on /s, sh, r, l, z, zh, ch, j, th/ may persist
 North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, 2015
©2015 by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.