List of Skills by Age

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1-2 Months

Prefers people to objects

Discriminates between voices and people

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2-4 Months

Knows difference between mom, dad, and siblings

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4-6 Months

Stares longer at faces of persons from another race

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6-8 Months

Consistently makes the sounds of the parent’s language

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8-10 Months

Demonstrates separation distress, resistance to strangers

Reads emotional expressions of same race better than other races

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10-12 Months

Identification with the same gender (recognizes similarity)

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12-15 Months

Shares toys with family, friends, and siblings

Knows all family members and friends, cautious with strangers

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15-18 Months

Approaches other children (recognizes similarity in size, faces, and play preferences)

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18-21 Months

Recognizes own clothing, toys, and personal belongings

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21-24 Months

Girls may withdraw from rough house play of boys

Dresses up like the same gender parent

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24-27 Months

Prefers play with peers to that of adults

Notices obvious disabilities and points or makes comments

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27-30 Months

Notices and talks about differences in people’s size, eye color, skin color, hair, etc.

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30-33 Months

Chooses playmates of the same race if they are present

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33-36 Months

Knows gender

Adjusts language and play for younger playmates

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36-42 Months

Demonstrates a preference for same-sex peers

Notices peers with similar interests

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42-48 Months

May ask embarrassing questions about differences observed in people (race, weight, disability)

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48-54 Months

Tends to choose friends with like interests and personalities

Begins to notice more subtle developmental concerns, such as language delays, negative emotional behaviors, etc. in peers

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54-60 Months

Begin to understand that race is more than a difference in color; becomes aware of different cultures and begins to ask questions about them; establishing an ethnic identity