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Aware of effects of own actions versus others

Responds to own name by turning to look

Derives pleasure from attaining goals (smiles and laughs)

Persists to get a desired toy and explores for several minutes to learn characteristics

“Woos” adult with sounds, smiles, gestures

Cries if adult leaves or stranger appears

Attempts to get the attention of other children with vocalizations and actions

Demonstrates intentional two-way communication or turn taking

Begins to learn behavioral implications of own and others’ actions

Demonstrates a variety of emotions, including sadness, anger, disgust, worry, fear, and curiosity

Beginning to learn the meaning of “no,” stops action briefly then continues

Understands that adults’ signals (voice and face) together convey information and emotions (behavior changes with adult signals)

Smiles toward and may touch another child

Prone: Controlled reaching with weight on one arm

Head leads when pulled to sit or stand

May pull to stand on a support surface

Crawls, climbs, transitions through many positions

Prone: Uses arms and legs to pivot

Pushes up to sit from side or crawl

Good balance; sits alone

Prone: Reaches with one arm, with weight on other extended arm

Grasp (of tiny object): Initially, rakes object into palm with fingers, thumb bent

Drops, throws, pushes, and pulls objects

Grasp: Radial-palmar grasp-object held using thumb, index and middle fingers pressing it against the palm; wrist is straight

Release: Releases object with assist against

Bangs objects together

Manipulates two objects at a time

Helps bring bottle to mouth

Pulls off hat

Takes one or two swallows from a cup

Self-feeds soft biscuit with one hand

Chewing present

Lifts legs for diapering and dressing

Distinguishes friendly and angry talking

Responds to own name with head turn, eye contact, or smile

Shows desire to be included in social interactions with others

Enjoys playing games such as peek-a-boo and pat-a-cake

Reacts to emotions of others

Consonant-vowel sounds emerging (da, ma) for babbling

Imitates sound sequences in one breath

Babbles with some consonant-vowel sounds

Produces consonants /m, n, b, p, t, d/ in babbling

No observable sound errors

Vocalizes to protest

Vocalizes during games

Demonstrates recognition of names of objects by looking at them when named

Brings book to mouth to chew

Holds book in both hands

Helps adult turn pages by pushing them to the left, after the adult has separated a page

Listens to the adult while looking at pictures in a book

Examines things from different perspectives to explore size, shape, texture, sound, etc.

Recognizes people and objects based on sensory characteristics (favored blanket, toy, food)

Inspects objects for a long time

Tries to get adults to laugh

Shows attentional preferences when given a choice between two objects

Reacts differently to different musical patterns

Inspects objects for a long time

Babbles rhythmically

Body moves to rhythm

Calmed more easily by familiar adult

May show distress when strangers are near

Consistently makes the sounds of the parent’s language

Starts differentiating between each and both; and between one and more than one (picks up the larger amount)

Recognizes objects and people based on sensory characteristics

Uses shape, sound, color, and texture to identify object

Finds an hidden object if observes it being hidden

Examines things upside down

Examines things upside down to compare perspectives

Anticipates what will happen next in environment

Distinguishes near and far objects