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Watches own fingers

Smiles at self in mirror

Smiles at desired object and becomes angry when it is taken away

Repeats own pleasurable actions (kicking, waving arm)

Shows physical excitement when parent comes into view

Looks at and touches others

Looks at speaker when spoken to

Demonstrates self-soothing and self-rousing behaviors

Smiles with joy in face-to-face interaction

Demonstrates self-calming by sucking on fist or thumb

Responds differently to happy and sad faces

Objects when play is interrupted with negative vocalizations and facial expression

Vocalizes to socialize with another

Supine: Head held in midline and symmetrical

Holds head in line with body when pulled to sit

When put into stand and supported under the arms, extends legs and keeps the body in the same plane from shoulders to feet

Supine: Rolls from back to side and shortly after rolls to stomach

Prone: Lifts and maintains head 90°

Prone: May extend legs and raise hips

Head steady in supported sitting for 10-15 minutes, back firm

Supine: Brings hands to midline

Reach: Begins visually directed reaching; keeps object and hand in view when reaching

Opens and closes hand to “scratch” material or objects

Supine: Initially arms reach from side with elbow, wrist, and hand flexed; later, moves both arms toward object, elbows extended, hands partly open

Prone: Initially, limited head control, unsuccessful bilateral reaching, hands flexed; later, head lifts, hands partly open, and some weight shifting takes place, so one arm is freed to reach

Grasp: If object is contacted, pulls it in and squeezes it against the body or other hand

Release: Involuntary release after holding

Tongue flat and cupped

Practices grasping by clutching or pulling at clothing

Jaw, tongue, and lips move together

Prone: Rolls from stomach to side and shortly after rolls to back

Discriminates between familiar and unfamiliar voices

Vocalizes to initiate socializing

Smiles and starts vocal turn taking when adult imitates the infant’s sounds

Gurgles and laughs

Coos; moves tongue throughout the mouth to make vowel-like sounds

Makes vowel sounds “ah,” “eh,” ”uh

No observable sound errors

Cries differently for pain and hunger

Discriminates sounds and voices

Touches pictures

Stares intently at pictures

Examines more complicated patterns and colors

Uses mouthing, reaching, grasping, and kicking to explore objects

Shows physical excitement at familiar faces and events (feeding, diapering)

Begins play with sound toys

Tries to imitate adult mouth movements

Prefers studying people to objects

Listens to sounds and begins to differentiate

Sees color

Produces vocalizations and shakes sound toys

Responds differently to various family members

Responds differently to family members and strangers

Knows difference between mom, dad, and siblings

Discriminates people, preferred objects, tastes, smells, textures

Prefers patterns with finer details

Begins to perceive overall pattern structure

Recognizes meaning of familiar patterns (faces)

Scans internal details

Starts to categorize and distinguish objects with similar appearance

Reacts to disappearance of moving object by staring at place object disappeared

Distinguishes animate (moving) from inanimate