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Moves body to get desired object, and uses goal-directed actions with hands and fingers

May kiss self in mirror

Shows anticipation and excitement when causes expected result to occur

Becomes task-directed with objects and pokes, pushes and pulls to get a result

Plays near adult

Demonstrates separation distress and stranger anxiety

Approaches other infants

Responds differently to different people

Follows simple commands (“Give me…”)

Emotions expand to include surprise, shyness, fear of strangers, and intense concentration during problem solving

Looks to adult when admonished, but continues actions, may crawl to adult for comforting

Social referencing (checks adults cues) used to determine how he should respond to situations

Desires approval

Looks to adult to see if he is in trouble

Prone: Reaches from hands and knees position

May get to stand from half kneel

May begin to crawl on all fours

Prone: Moves from hands and knees to sit

May use a modified hands-and-knees position, with one foot and one knee on the ground

Sits without support and plays with toys

Moves to hands and knees from sit

Stands with little support

Sits down from standing without falling

Begins cruising, using furniture for support

Climbs up and down from chairs

Sitting: One arm reaches in direct approach, with wrist and fingers extended

Grasp (of tiny object): Lateral pincer - Picks up object between thumb and side of index finger

Tries to poke object with all fingers extended - may poke with thumb

Grasp: Radial-digital grasp-object moves to between thumb and fingertips

Grasp: Three-jaw chuck grasp- object held with thumb and two fingers

Release: Initially, clumsy release of object above a container with wrist flexed-may miss; later, controlled release, wrist straight

Release (of tiny object): Transfers to other hand-initial clumsy release into large container; later becomes controlled

Puts object into a container

Dumps objects out of container

Manipulates three small toys

No longer loses liquid from mouth when breast/bottle removed

Anticipates adult’s actions and starts to offer arm

Takes ground or junior foods and mashed table foods

Opens mouth as spoon approaches

Uses upper lip to remove food from spoon

Uses fingers to self-feed small bites

Pulls off booties

Follows simple requests paired with gestures

Understands some frequently used words

Follows point or visual gaze of another person

Points to direct attention of adult

Initiates interactions by reaching for the adult’s mouth, nose, etc.

Vocalizes when asked a question

Requests actions (e.g., “Up” with arms) and/or requests objects (e.g., reaches toward adult)

Produces sounds /m, n, d, b, y, w/

Produces a wide variety of sound combinations

Beginning of adult speech (starting to develop certain vowels, syllables, diphthongs)

No observable sound errors

“Sings” along with familiar songs

Produces a variety of speech sounding patterns in jargon

Reaches for books to hold

Examines pictures when items are pointed to

Gestures to indicate desire to read a book again

Sits on adult’s lap and attends to several books in a row

Vocalizes while looking at pictures in a book, catalog, newspaper, greeting card, etc.

Exhibits turn-taking -listens then vocalizes during the adult’s pause

Uses hands and fingers to try to put things together

Remembers simple games (peek-a-boo, patty cake) and actions to apply to a toy or object

Sustains interest in looking at pictures

Follows what someone points to

Shows objects to others

Deliberately seeks out and attends to preferred toys

Listens attentively to sounds and words

Watches and tries to imitate movements

Watches others draw

Produces jargon with intonation

"Dances” to music in sitting or standing

Makes marks on paper

Shows affection to dolls

Approaches other children

Plays near familiar adult

Demonstrates separation distress, resistance to strangers

Reads emotional expressions of same race better than other races

Matches two blocks as being the same

Time: Shows awareness of consistent daily routines

Begins to perceive emotional expressions at meaningful patterns

Uses haptic (touch) exploration to determine size, hardness, shape, temperature, and texture

Finds a hidden object, even if it was previously hidden elsewhere

Aware of vertical space, drops things

Aware of vertical space, fears heights

Aware of vertical space

Experiments with cause-and-effect (e.g., dropping objects)

Recognizes familiar objects by name

Shows interest and curiosity about the natural world by exploring characteristics of items in nature

Plays near parent